Everything about Floris V Count Of Holland totally explained
Count Floris V of Holland and Zeeland (
June 24,
1254–
June 27,
1296), "der Keerlen God" (God of the Peasants), is one of the most important figures of the first, native dynasty of
Holland (833-1299). His life has been documented in detail in the
Rijmkroniek by
Melis Stoke, his chronicler. He is credited with a mostly peaceful reign, modernizing administration, policies beneficial to trade, generally acting in the interests of his peasants at the expense of nobility, and reclaiming land from the sea. His dramatic murder engineered by King
Edward I of England and
Guy de Dampierre, count of
Flanders, made him a hero in Holland.
He was the son of
Count William II (1227-1256), who was elected
King of the Romans of the
Holy Roman Empire in 1248, and was slain in 1256 by
Frisians when Floris was just two years old. First his uncle, then his aunt, and, after the
battle of Reimerswaal (fought over custody of Holland) in 1263,
Otto II of Guelders served as his guardians until he was twelve years old and considered capable of administrating Holland himself. He was supported by the count of
Hainaut of the
house of Avesnes who was an archenemy of the
count of Flanders of the house of
Dampierre. Floris married Beatrix of Dampierre, the daughter of
Guy of Dampierre, count of Flanders, in 1269.
In
1272 he unsuccessfully attacked the Frisians in a first attempt to retrieve the body of his father. In 1274 he faced an uprising by nobles led by the powerful lords
Gijsbrecht IV of Amstel,
Zweder of Abcoude,
Arnoud of Amstel, and
Herman VI of Woerden, who held lands on the border with the adjacent
bishopric of
Utrecht (the area of
Amsterdam,
Abcoude,
IJsselstein, and
Woerden) at the expense of the bishop. Gijsbrecht and Herman were supported by the craftsmen of
Utrecht, the peasants of Kennemerland (
Alkmaar and surroundings), Waterland (north of
Amsterdam) and Amstelland (Amsterdam and surroundings) and the
West Frisians. He assisted the weak bishop by making a treaty with the craftsmen. The bishop would become dependent on Holland's support, and eventually added the lands of the rebellious lords to Holland in 1279. He did concessions to the peasants of Kennemerland. Kennemerland was a duneland, where the farmers had far less rights then the farmers in the polders.
Floris got rid of the Avesnes influence and switched allegiance to the Dampierres.
In
1282 he again attacked the troublesome Frisians in the north, defeating them at the battle of Vronen, and succeeded in retrieving the body of his father. After a campaign in 1287-1288 he finally defeated the Frisians. In the meantime he'd received Zeeland-bewester-Schelde (the area that controls access to the Scheldt river) as a loan from the Holy Roman King in 1287, but the local nobility sided with the count of Flanders who invaded in 1290. Floris arranged a meeting with count Guy of Flanders, but he was taken prisoner in
Biervliet and was forced to abandon his claims and then set free.
Floris immediately wanted to resume war, but King Edward I of England, who had an interest in access to the great rivers for wool and other English goods, convinced Floris to stop hostilities with Flanders. When in
1292 Floris claimed the throne of
Scotland (his great-grandmother Ada being the sister of King
William I of Scotland) he didn't receive the expected support from Edward, but England did support his claims in a new, this time more successful, war on Flanders.
After Edward I moved his trade in wool from
Dordrecht in Holland to
Mechelen in
Brabant, to gain Flanders's support against France, Floris switched sides to
France in 1296. Edward I now prohibited all English trade on Holland and conspired with count Guy of Flanders to have Floris kidnapped and taken to France. The humiliated lords Gijsbrecht IV of Amstel and Herman of Woerden enter the scene again as part of the conspiracy. Together with Gerard of Velzen they captured count Floris during a hunting party and brought him to
Muiderslot castle. The news of the capture spread quickly; afraid of the people, four days later the lords together with their captive left the castle to get to a safer place. They were stopped by an
angry mob of local peasants. In panic Gerard of Velzen killed the count, and the lords fled. Gerard of Velzen was captured later and killed in
Leiden. The other conspirators fled to Brabant, Flanders and perhaps to
Prussia, to which many colonists and crusaders from Holland migrated.
The life and death of Floris V inspired songs, plays, and books in the Netherlands. Best known is the play "
Gijsbrecht van Aemstel" by 17th century playwright and poet
Joost van den Vondel, which is about the sacking of Amsterdam in the days after the death of Floris V.
The nickname "God of the Peasants" was introduced after his death in the nobility, and was originally intended to be an insult. He earned the name because he behaved "as if he were the Good Lord himself with his peasants". He apparently knighted 40 peasants as members of the order of St. Jacob without permission of the church, provoking the anger of the church and of the 12 existing noble members of that knightly order. This story has no historical basis, just like another story that claims that Gerard of Velzen participated in the conspiracy because Floris supposedly raped his wife. What is certain is that Floris was remembered as a saint by the peasants of Holland, and that the "God of the Peasants" became a symbolic hero in the struggle for independence from
Spain in the
Eighty Years' War (
1568–
1648).
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